Njira Yoyendera Madzi Yokhazikika Mtundu wa LJS Njira Yoyendera Madzi Yokhazikika Njira Yoyendera Madzi Yokhazikika + Njira Yoyendera Madzi Yokhazikika + Njira Yoyezera Miyeso Yaikulu
1. Kufotokozera
Malo Oyendera Madzi a Mtundu wa LJS (omwe pano akutchedwa Malo) ndi chida chapadera choyezera chomwe chimafunidwa ndi malamulo otsimikizira za metrological a dziko. Amagwiritsa ntchito masikelo amagetsi olondola kwambiri (muyezo woyamba), miyezo yachitsulo yokhazikika (muyezo woyamba), ndi mita yoyendera (muyezo wachiwiri) ngati zida zowunikira. Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera ngati njira yoyezera, komanso kutengera malamulo ofunikira a dziko komanso zofunikira pakuyesa mita yomwe ikuyesedwa (MUT), nthawi zonse imatsimikizira, kulinganiza, ndikuyesa mita yoyendera ya MUT mkati mwa nthawi yomweyo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi madipatimenti oyang'anira ukadaulo wa metrology wa dziko lonse kuti atsimikizire zida koyamba komanso nthawi ndi nthawi, komanso milandu ndi milandu ya anthu. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati muyezo wamkati m'mafakitale monga mafuta ndi mankhwala, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyeza kwanzeru mu kafukufuku wasayansi, kuyang'anira ukadaulo wa metrology, ndi kupanga mita yoyendera, kupereka miyezo yayikulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti muwonetsetse kulondola kwa kusamutsa mtengo panthawi yogwira ntchito yoyezera ndikuwonjezera chidziwitso cha akatswiri pakutsimikizira za metrological cha antchito, ndondomekoyi yophunzitsira idapangidwa mwapadera. Antchito omwe akugwira ntchito yowunikira malo ogwirira ntchito akuyembekezeka kuitenga mozama, kuphunzira mwakhama, ndikuphunzitsa bwino maphunzirowa.
Malowa amaphatikiza njira zingapo zoyezera: Njira Yokhazikika ya Gravimetric, Njira Yokhazikika ya Static Volumetric, ndi Njira ya Master Meter. Njira yowonjezerayi yophatikizana ndi njira zambiri imawongolera magwiridwe antchito a malowa komanso kuchuluka kwa luntha, zomwe zimathandiza kuwerengera kapena kutsimikizira mita yoyendera madzi pa intaneti, komanso kuwerengera kapena kutsimikizira mita zosiyanasiyana zoyezera madzi.
Njira Yokhazikika ya Gravimetric imagwiritsa ntchito sikelo yamagetsi yolondola kwambiri ngati njira yodziwira. Imazindikira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda mu chidebe cholemera mkati mwa nthawi yoikika ndikuyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe awerengedwa kuchokera ku MUT, potero imazindikira kulondola ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa MUT. Sikelo zamagetsi zimapereka kulondola kwakukulu; njira iyi imatha kukwaniritsa kulondola kwa ±0.05% ndipo ili ndi zabwino monga gwero la kuthamanga kwa madzi nthawi zonse, kuyenda kokhazikika, komanso kulondola kwakukulu kwa kuyeza.
Njira ya Static Volumetric imagwiritsa ntchito muyeso wachitsulo wokhazikika ngati chisonyezero. Poyerekeza ndi Njira ya Static Gravimetric, imakhalanso ndi gwero lokhazikika la kuthamanga kwa madzi, kuyenda kokhazikika, komanso kulondola kwakukulu kwa muyeso. Komabe, kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa madzi, Njira ya Static Volumetric imafuna miyeso yambiri yachitsulo yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi. Kupanga miyeso yachitsulo yokhazikika kumakhala kovuta, nthawi yowerengera ndi yayitali, ndipo kulondola kwakukulu komwe kungatheke ndi ± 0.1%.
Njira ya Master Meter imagwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kuyenda bwino kwambiri ngati chida choyesera MUT. Mita yoyezera kuyenda bwino kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri imatha kufika pa ± 0.2% yolondola. Pakuwerengera mita yoyezera kuyenda bwino, njira yotsimikizira iyi ndi yosavuta, yosavuta, komanso yotsika mtengo.
Njira yokhazikika ya pressure stabilization ya malowa imaphatikiza chotengera chokhazikika ndi variable frequency drive (VFD). Mwa kuwongolera liwiro la VFD kuti liwongolere liwiro la pampu, kuyenda kwa calibration medium kumakhazikika. Kukhazikika kwina kwa chotengera chokhazikika kumawongolera kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi mkati mwa 0.2%. Kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi m'dongosolo kumaphatikiza ma valve owongolera ndi makina opopera VFD, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kayendedwe ka madzi m'ma diameter osiyanasiyana a mapaipi pomwe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'dongosolo.
Malo onsewa amayendetsedwa ndi makina odziyimira pawokha a makompyuta owonjezeredwa ndi ntchito yamanja. Amathandizira kulamulira kodziyimira pawokha komanso kupeza deta pa malo onsewa, monga kuwerenga kwa sikelo yamagetsi, kuwerenga koyezera muyezo, kuwerenga kwa mita yoyendera, kuwerenga kwa MUT, kulamulira kosinthasintha, chotumizira kuthamanga, chotumizira kutentha, valavu yowongolera kuyenda, ndi kulamulira ndi kupeza deta ya VFD. Imatha kuchita yokha kuwerengera kwa mfundo imodzi, mfundo zitatu, mfundo zisanu, ndi mfundo zambiri, ndi ntchito zosungira deta zokha, kufunsa, kusindikiza zotsatira za kuwerengera, ndi ziphaso zowerengera. Njira yokhazikika ya kupanikizika imagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera za VFD ndikukhazikitsa zombo kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuyenda. Kuwongolera kuyenda kwa dongosolo kumaphatikiza ma valve owongolera magetsi ndi injini ya pampu ya VFD, kukwaniritsa zosowa zowongolera kuyenda kwa ma diameter osiyanasiyana ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa dongosolo.
Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha njira yeniyeni yoyezera kutengera mtundu wa mita yomwe iyenera kuyezedwa, malire a malo, momwe chuma chilili, ndi zina zotero, kapena kuphatikiza njira zingapo zomangira malo oyenera.
Kapangidwe ka malo kakugwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko lonse, malamulo, ndi zofunikira:
● JJG 164-2000 Madzi Oyendera Bwino Malo Oyendera Bwino
● JJG 643-2024 Master Meter Method Flow Standard Facility
● JJG 162-2019 Mamita a Madzi Ozizira Otha Kumwa
● JJG 257-2007 Zoyezera Ma Float
● JJG 640-2016 Mayendedwe Osiyanasiyana a Kupanikizika
●JJG 667-2010 Madzi Oyezera Kusamutsa Ma Flowmeters
● JJG 1029-2007 Vortex Flowmeters
●JJG 1030-2007 Ma Ultrasonic Flowmeters
● JJG 1033-2007 Ma Electromagnetic Flowmeters
● JJG 1037-2008 Turbine Flowmeters
●JJG 1038-2008 Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
2. Zamkatimu
2.1 Magawo Aakulu Aukadaulo
2.1.1Njira Zoyezera: Njira Yokhazikika ya Gravimetric + Njira Yokhazikika ya Volumetric + Njira Yoyang'anira Mita.
2.1.2Kusatsimikizika Kowonjezereka kwa Malo Ogwirira Ntchito:
* Njira Yosasinthasintha ya Gravimetric: 0.05% (*k*=2) Nthawi yotsimikizira sikelo yamagetsi e=1/6000;
* Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Yokhazikika: 0.2% (*k*=2) Cholakwika chachikulu chovomerezeka: ≤±0.5×10⁻³; ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo ya Class II ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Yokhazikika ikhoza kukhala 0.15% (*k*=2);
* Njira Yaikulu Yoyezera: 0.3% (*k*=2) Kusatsimikizika kwa mita yoyezera kuyenda kwa madzi 0.2% (*k*=2).
2.1.3Kukhazikika kwa Kuyenda: ≤0.2%.
2.1.4Kuchuluka kwa Mayendedwe: (0.02 ~ 5000) m³/h (kapena kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe komwe kwatchulidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito).
2.1.5Mafotokozedwe a MUT: M'mimba mwake DN4 ~ DN600 (kapena m'mimba mwake wotchulidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito).
2.1.6Malo Oyesera Kuyezetsa: Magulu angapo akhoza kukhazikitsidwa, ndi mapaipi oyesera kuyezetsa omwe ali ofanana. Ma diameter a siteshoni yoyezetsa kuyezetsa ndi DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Ma flow mita ena amatha kuyesedwa posintha mapaipi.
2.1.7Mitundu ya MUTs: Ma turbine flow mita, ma vortex flow mita, ma electromagnetic flow mita, ma ultrasonic flow mita, velocity flow mita, differential pressure flow mita, liquid positive displacement flow mita, Coriolis mass flow mita, ndi zina zotero.
2.1.8Zizindikiro za MUT: Chizindikiro cha pulse (frequency), mphamvu yamagetsi (4~20)mA, kulumikizana kwa digito kwa RS485, palibe chizindikiro (kuwerenga mwachindunji), ndi zina zotero.
2.1.9Kukonza Malo: Madzi oyera.
2.1.10Kupanikizika Kogwira Ntchito: (0.2 ~ 1.0) MPa (malinga ndi zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito).
2.1.11Mphamvu Yoperekedwa: DC (5V, 12V, 24V)/1A, AC220V/10A.
2.1.12Njira Yowongolera:
Pa nthawi yokonza, malowa amagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi munthu. Pambuyo pa ntchito zofunika pamanja (kuyika MUT, kutsegula/kutseka ma valve amanja), ntchito zotsalazo zimamalizidwa zokha ndi kompyuta.
2.1.13Zipangizo Zogwirira Ntchito:
Zigawo zomwe zakhudzana ndi choyezera zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304. Zigawo zina zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni chokhala ndi utoto.
2.1.14Malo Ochitira Laboratory (Operekedwa ndi Wogwiritsa Ntchito):
Malo onsewa akonzedwa bwino kuti asunge malo ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za labotale.
2.1.15Kuvomereza Malo:
Kuvomereza komaliza kwa malo onse kumachitika ndi bungwe la dziko lonse loyang'anira za metrology lomwe lasankhidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Iwo adzayang'ana, kuwunika, ndikupereka lipoti lotsimikizira/kulinganiza (satifiketi). Lipotili (satifiketi) limagwira ntchito ngati chikalata chachikulu chovomerezeka.
Mayunitsi ena oyezera mkati mwa malowa, kuphatikizapo masikelo apakompyuta, miyeso yachitsulo yokhazikika, mita yoyendera, zotumizira kuthamanga kwa mpweya, zotumizira kutentha, nthawi, ndi zina zotero, adzapatsidwa malipoti otsimikizira/owerengera (ziphaso) operekedwa ndi mabungwe olamulira a chigawo pambuyo powunika.
2.2 Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Static Gravimetric poyesa kuwerengera, sikelo yamagetsi ndiye chizindikiro. Mkati mwa nthawi yomweyi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya calibration medium yomwe imadutsa mu MUT kumayerekezeredwa ndi kulemera komwe kumayesedwa ndi sikelo yamagetsi (kapena kuchuluka kwa mphamvu komwe kumawerengedwa kuchokera nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa), zomwe zimatsimikiza kulondola ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa MUT.
Pogwiritsa ntchito Static Volumetric Method poyesa kuchuluka kwa madzi, MUT ndi muyezo wogwirira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana. Mkati mwa nthawi yomweyi, kuchuluka kwa madzi kudzera mu MUT (kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumawerengedwa kuchokera nthawi yomwe yayikidwa) kumayerekezeredwa ndi kuchuluka komwe kumayesedwa mokhazikika mu muyezo wogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimatsimikiza kulondola kwa MUT komanso kubwerezabwereza.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Master Meter poyesa kuwerengera, njira yoyezera imadutsa mosalekeza mu MUT ndi mu master meter. Master meter imagwira ntchito ngati chisonyezero, cholumikizidwa motsatizana ndi MUT poyesa kuyerekeza kwa metrological, zomwe zimatsimikizira kulondola ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa MUT.
2.3 Kuyenda kwa Njira
Choyezera madzi chimayenda kuchokera mu thanki yamadzi, kudzera mu gulu la pampu, chotengera chokhazikika, chochotsera mpweya/fyuluta, mapaipi oyezera kayendedwe ka madzi, gulu la mita yoyezera madzi yokhazikika, gulu la valavu yolamulira madzi, chosinthira madzi, kupita mu chidebe choyezera madzi. Pambuyo poyezera pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo yamagetsi (kapena muyeso wachitsulo wokhazikika), chimabwerera ku thanki yamadzi. Kuyenda kwa dongosolo kumatsimikiziridwa poyezera madzi omwe akuyenda mu chidebe choyezera madzi (kapena kuyeza mphamvu ya muyeso wachitsulo wokhazikika).
Ikani MUT pa payipi yoyesera yofanana. Yambani njira yosungira madzi ozungulira ndi kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga. Sinthani kutsegula kwa valavu yolamulira, liwiro lapakati la kuyenda, ndi kuthamanga kwa payipi kuti ifike ndikukhazikika pamlingo wofunikira wa calibration flow. Njira yoyesera imayenda kudzera mu MUT ndi muyezo wogwirira ntchito (sikelo yamagetsi, muyeso wachitsulo wokhazikika, mita yoyendera). Gwiritsani ntchito muyezo wogwirira ntchito wa MUT ndi kuyenda motsatizana, yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa kutuluka kwawo kuti mudziwe kulondola kwa MUT komanso kubwerezabwereza. Mitengo yokhazikika yosonkhanitsidwa motsatizana ndi mitengo ya MUT imalowa mu kompyuta kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito deta. Kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera, njira yowongolera imapereka zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zowongolera monga momwe zimafunikira kuti ibweretse njira yoyesera kufika pamlingo wa kuyenda kwa malo ena oyesera. Bwerezani ntchito yomwe ili pamwambapa mpaka malo onse oyendera atayesedwa. Pomaliza, werengani zotsatira za calibration kutengera malamulo otsimikizira, sungani, ndikusindikiza malipoti ndi ziphaso.
2.4 Kapangidwe ka Malo
2.4.1Njira Yosungira Madzi Ozungulira ndi Kukhazikika
Yopangidwa ndi thanki yamadzi, pampu, makina a VFD, chotengera chokhazikika, chochotsera mpweya/fyuluta, mapaipi olumikizira, ma valve a chipata chamanja, ma valve owunikira, ndi zolumikizira zosinthika, ndi zina zotero.
A. Mapampu amagetsi
Mapampu a centrifugal osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, osagwedezeka kwambiri, komanso opanda phokoso lalikulu amasankhidwa. Amaphimba mokwanira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amafunikira ndi mapaipi oyezera magetsi a malo ogwirira ntchito ndipo amatsatira mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso kusunga bwino ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsatira malamulo oyendetsera madzi. Mapampu angapo angagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi kapena pampu imodzi yokha ikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi VFD kuti ikwaniritse kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amayezera magetsi.
Mutu wa pampu umasankhidwa moyenera kutengera kukangana kwa mapaipi ndi kutayika kwa malo kuchokera ku potulukira pampu kupita ku potulukira paipi, kuphatikiza kutalika kuchokera pamwamba pa thanki kupita ku nozzle yosinthira ndi chitoliro chobwezera, kutayika kwa pompu, ndi zofunikira pakukakamiza kuti pakhale kulinganiza. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa pampu kumagwiritsa ntchito miyeso yapakati.
Mapampu amapangidwa ndi kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamakono ya hydraulic, yokhala ndi ma spiral casings, horizontal suction, vertical discharge, ndi ma inlet/outlet diameter omwewo. Kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa mota kumatsimikizira kuti ma concentric shafts ndi okhazikika, magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso odalirika, kuonetsetsa kuti pampu yotulutsa mpweya imakhazikika komanso kusinthasintha kochepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera ndi kulamulira.
Njira zochepetsera kugwedezeka ndi kudzipatula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poika pampu. Zolumikizira zosinthasintha zimayikidwa pamalo olowera/otulutsira pampu kuti zichepetse kugwedezeka. Ma valve owunikira otseka pang'onopang'ono amayikidwa pamapaipi otulutsira kuti apewe kubwerera m'mbuyo, ndi njira zochepetsera kuthamanga kuti achotse nyundo yamadzi. Ma mota amagwira ntchito bwino ndi mphamvu ndi chitetezo champhamvu/kulemera kwambiri. Mutu wokoka wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kulowetsa mpweya ndi mavuto a priming.
B. Chotengera Chokhazikika
Njira yokhazikika ya malo ochitira izi ndi kukhazikika kwa mitsempha yamagazi + malamulo a VFD, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi panthawi yowunikira. Imapereka kupanikizika kokhazikika kwa makina, imachotsa kugwedezeka kwa mafunde ndi mafunde ogwedezeka kuchokera ku mapampu, ndikuchotsa thovu lomwe limayikidwa mu calibration medium. Chotengera chokhazikika chimachepetsa, chimasunga, ndikuyamwa kuthamanga kwa madzi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi kumakhalabe kokhazikika mkati mwa 0.2%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi omwe ali mu pipeline yowunikira akwaniritse mokwanira zofunikira za kuyenda kosalekeza kwa gawo limodzi.
Kutengera ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutulutsa kwa pampu, kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika kwa chotengera, ndi mainchesi a chotengera cholowera/chotulutsa, werengerani kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka kuti mupange mphamvu ya chotengera, kuchuluka, ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa madzi. Zipangizozo zitha kukhala chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitsulo cha kaboni.
Chombocho chili ndi baffle imodzi yolunjika, ma baffle atatu opingasa okhala ndi ma gridi obowoka. Baffle yolunjika imagawa chombocho m'zipinda zolowera ndi zotulutsira. Medium imalowa, imatsika mmwamba/pansi chifukwa cha baffle ndi buffer, turbulence imachepetsedwanso ndi ma baffle opingasa ndi cushion ya mpweya wapamwamba, kenako imalowa m'chipinda chotulutsira kudzera mu overflow kupita mu chitoliro. Izi zimayamwa bwino ndikusunga mafunde othamanga a pulsation, ndikuchotsa pump-induced pump, ikugwira ntchito ngati stabilizer ndi unloader. Kusintha pang'ono kwa kuthamanga kwa dongosolo kumatetezedwa ndi kukulitsa/kuchepetsa kwa malo opumira mpweya pamwamba pa chombocho.
Kapangidwe ndi kupanga zikugwirizana ndi GB150-2011 "Ziwiya Zopanikizika ndi Chitsulo" ndi "Malamulo Oyang'anira Chitetezo cha Ukadaulo wa Zotengera Zopanikizika". Ma Flange akutsatira GB150-2011 ndi GB/T 9112~9124-2010 "Ziwiya Zopangira Chitsulo". Zikalata zonse zachitetezo zimaperekedwa (layisensi yopangira, satifiketi yaubwino, satifiketi yoyang'anira zida zapadera, mafayilo opangira, mabuku okhazikitsa/kukonza).
Zowonjezera za sitimayo ndi monga pressure gauge, drain valve, full-lift security valve yokhala ndi spring-loaded full-lift, mapaipi, ndi zolumikizira.
C. Dongosolo la VFD
Malowa ali ndi makina a VFD a munthu mmodzi. Ntchito zake: 1) Pewani kugwedezeka ndi gridi panthawi yosintha ma frequency amagetsi, 2) Onetsetsani kuti mapampu nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi VFD kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kosavuta kwa kayendedwe ka makina komanso kusunga mphamvu. Makinawa amakhala ndi kabati yoyambira, VFD, zingwe zolumikizira, ndi zina zotero. VFD imodzi imayang'anira mota imodzi ya pampu (liwiro labwino kwambiri: 35Hz ~ 50Hz). Kuwongolera kwa PID kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi. Ma VFD amayikidwa m'makabati okhala ndi ntchito zoyimitsa zadzidzidzi, zowongolera pamanja, ndi zowongolera kutali za kompyuta. Kuti zikhale zotetezeka, ma thermal relay amawonjezedwa mkati mwa makabati kuti ateteze mphamvu yamagetsi/yowonjezera.
Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito, ma mota opompa olamulidwa ndi VFD amakhala ndi mayendedwe owonjezera omwe sangafikire ndi mapampu othamanga mokhazikika. Kugwira ntchito kwa VFD kuyenera kupewa malire otsika kuti kupewe madera akufa komanso malamulo osagwirizana ndi mzere. Kuyenda kokhazikika kudzera mu MUT kumafuna kusiyana kokhazikika kwa kuthamanga kudutsa. Kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'mwamba ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kuyenda kukhale kokhazikika. Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa VFD kumagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms a PID; kugwira ntchito kwake kumatsimikizira mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo. Kukhazikitsa kungakhale motere:
Gwiritsani ntchito PLC ngati chowongolera (mfundo yomwe ili pansipa). Ubwino: kuyankha mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms owongolera a wopanga VFD, kumawonjezera kudalirika kwa malamulo.
Ma relay a kutentha mu kabati ya VFD amapereka chitetezo champhamvu/kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Ma VFD amagwiranso ntchito ngati zoyambira zofewa, kuteteza mapampu bwino.
D. Chochotsa Mpweya/Fyuluta
Poganizira kuti njira yoyezera ndi yotseguka, njira yoyesera imatha kupanga zinthu zodetsedwa ndi thovu panthawi yozindikirika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika muyeso komanso kuwonongeka kwa mita yoyezera ya MUT. Choyezera mpweya/zosefera zoyenera zimayikidwa pamalo otulutsira mpweya kuti zilekanitse ndikuchotsa mpweya ndi zinthu zodetsedwa mu payipi, kuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akugwira ntchito bwino.
Pangani bwino zofunikira, kuchuluka, ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka chipolopolo cha cylindrical chokhala ndi valavu yotulutsira mpweya pamwamba, valavu yotulutsira madzi pansi, katiriji ya fyuluta yamkati, malo osonkhanitsira mpweya, mbale yonyowa, chophimba cha fyuluta choboola. Zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi sing'anga: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304; mbali zina: chitsulo chopakidwa kaboni.
2.4.2Dongosolo Loyenera la Metrological
Dongosolo la metrological la malowa limagwiritsa ntchito:
* Masikelo apakompyuta olondola kwambiri monga njira yogwiritsira ntchito Gravimetric Method.
* Miyezo yogwira ntchito yokhazikika monga chitsogozo cha Njira Yowerengera Mphamvu.
* Ma flow meter okhazikika monga njira yogwiritsira ntchito Master Meter Meter.
Makamaka amapangidwa ndi ma valve otseka, ma valve owongolera kuyenda kwa madzi, chosinthira madzi, chidebe choyezera, sikelo yamagetsi yolondola kwambiri (kapena muyeso wachitsulo wamba), mapaipi opangira, ndi zina zotero.
A. Dongosolo Loyezera Miyezo ya Gravimetric (Miyezo Yamagetsi)
Dongosololi limalola kuwerengera kwa MUTs pamalo othamanga kwambiri komanso ocheperako. Makina osiyanasiyana oyezera (masikelo) amatha kusankhidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda.
Chitsanzo: Makina anayi oyezera zinthu amakwaniritsa zofunikira pakuyezera:
* Gulu 1: sikelo ya 12000kg, chidebe cholemera cha 12000L, chosinthira cha DN300, mzere wopondereza kumbuyo.
* Gulu lachiwiri: sikelo ya 3000kg, chidebe cholemera cha 3000L, chosinthira DN100, mzere wopondereza kumbuyo.
* Gulu 3: sikelo ya 600kg, chidebe cholemera cha 600L, chosinthira DN50, mzere wopondereza kumbuyo.
* Gulu 4: sikelo ya 120kg, chidebe cholemera cha 120L, chosinthira DN25, mzere wopondereza kumbuyo.
Pulatifomu ya sikelo imakhala ndi thupi lolemera ndi chimango, yokhala ndi chitetezo cha sensa yochulukirapo, mawonekedwe olumikizirana wamba (monga RS232/RS485), yolumikizidwa ku chiwonetsero chapafupi kapena makina owongolera, yokhala ndi ntchito yodziyimira yokha.
B. Chidebe Choyezera
Mabotolo oyezera kulemera amasunga choyezera panthawi yoyezera Gravimetric. Kapangidwe kake: chidebe chozungulira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chofanana ndi kukula kwa nsanja ya sikelo. Kukhuthala kwa khoma kumakwaniritsa zofunikira pakulemera ndi mphamvu, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kusintha pakagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chitsanzo: Mabotolo anayi: 12000L, 3000L, 600L, 120L. Nthawi yothira madzi m'mabotolo onse ≤masekondi 40.
Yokhala ndi sensa yoyezera mulingo, valavu yotulutsira madzi, chitoliro chotulutsira madzi, ndi zina zotero, yokhala ndi ntchito monga kuyang'anira mulingo wamadzimadzi, alamu yopitirira muyeso, kudzaza madzi mwachangu, komanso kutulutsa madzi mwachangu. Kapangidwe kake kamaganizira malo ndi mphamvu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chozungulira, gridi yowongolera kuyenda kwa madzi pamwamba, chitoliro/valavu yotulutsira madzi pansi; zokhazikika zamkati zozungulira zozungulira zolumikizidwa mofanana kuti zichotse thovu ndi kuzungulira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kuyenda kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uchotsedwe komanso kuti madzi akhazikike bwino. Zipangizo: 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
C. Njira Yoyezera Voliyumu (Miyezo Yogwira Ntchito Yokhazikika)
Yapangidwa, yapangidwa, ndi kusankhidwa motsatira JJG259-2005 "Verification Regulation of Standard Metal Measures" kuti iwonetsetse kuti ndi yolondola, yokhazikika, komanso yodalirika poyesa mita yoyezera madzi. Imagwira ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba, wocheperako, komanso wapakatikati wa MUT. Malo osiyanasiyana oyezera (miyezo) amatha kusankhidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Chitsanzo: Miyezo itatu yogwirira ntchito:
* GBJ-10000L (mtundu umodzi kutalika), kuchuluka kwa madzi (300~1150) m³/h.
* GBJ-3000L (mtundu wophatikizana: 1000L+2000L), kuchuluka kwa madzi (70~300) m³/h.
* GBJ-700L (mtundu wophatikizana: 200L+500L), kuchuluka kwa madzi (0.9~70) m³/h.
Muyeso umaphatikizapo khosi loyezera, chubu choyezera, sikelo ya khosi loyezera, khonde lapamwamba, thupi lozungulira, khonde lapansi, valavu yotulutsira madzi, choyimilira, ndi zigawo zoyezera. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi madzi: 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Ma valve otulutsira madzi ndi opumira mpweya, okhala ndi ntchito yosinthasintha, kutseka bwino, komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika.
D. Wosintha
Chosinthira madzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa malo oyeretsera madzi. Chimasintha mwachangu njira yoyeretsera madzi, ndikulowetsa madzi molondola kudzera mu MUT kupita mu chidebe choyezera popanda kupitirira nthawi yofunikira. Ndi chizindikiro chachikulu pakuwunika kosatsimikizika kwa malo oyeretsera madzi.
Chosinthira chathu chodzipangira chokha cha mpweya chotseguka chimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kotseguka, kugwira ntchito kokhazikika, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa malo, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kupopera kapena kupotoza kayendedwe ka madzi panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pa kayendedwe ka madzi panthawi yopotoza kayendedwe ka madzi pamlingo wapamwamba ndi mtengo wokhazikika.
Diverter imagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo oyezera sikelo (kapena muyeso). M'mimba mwake ndi kuchuluka kwa diverter zimapangidwa moyenera. Ntchito ndi kuyenda kopepuka, kolunjika, kolimba, kofulumira, kusiyana pang'ono kwa nthawi yosinthira, kukwaniritsa malamulo ofunikira otsimikizira.
Magawo aukadaulo: Nthawi yosinthira imodzi ≤200ms, kusiyana kwa nthawi yoyendera yosinthira ≤20ms, kusatsimikizika 0.02%, kuthamanga kwa mpweya (0.4~0.6)MPa, zinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi sing'anga: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304.
E. Mamita Oyendera Okhazikika (Mamita Aakulu)
Ma electromagnetic flow meter amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati ma master meter, accuracy class ≤0.2, repeatable ≤0.06%. Ma meter amenewa amagwiranso ntchito ngati zizindikiro zowunikira mayendedwe a nthawi yomweyo panthawi yowunikira Gravimetric. Poyang'anira mayendedwe a nthawi yomweyo a master meter, ma frequency a VFD ndi kutseguka kwa valavu yowongolera zimasinthidwa kuti zikwaniritse mayendedwe omwe akufunidwa nthawi yomweyo mu payipi. Liwiro loyenda nthawi zambiri limakhala (0.5~5) m/s, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za max/min facility flow. Ma master meter amatha kutsatiridwa pa intaneti kudzera mu njira ya Gravimetric, kuonetsetsa kuti mayendedwe ndi olondola komanso odalirika akuchotsedwa ntchito yovuta yochotsa/kukonzanso kuti mutsimikizire mita.
2.4.3Dongosolo la Mapaipi Oyesera Kuyesa
Zimaphatikizapo malo oyesera calibration, manifold, standard flow mita, process piping, ndi zina zotero, zokhala ndi ma pressure transmitters, temperature transmitters, pneumatic ball valves, electric flow regulating valves, pneumatic meter clamping devices, pipeline drain valves, pipeline vent valves, pipeline purify mechanisms, MUT workbench, pipe supports, ndi zida zina zothandizira.
A. Malo Oyesera Kuyesa
Kutengera ndi momwe malo ogwiritsira ntchito alili, malo ambiri oyesera ma calibration okhazikika amapangidwa moyenera, okonzedwa motsatizana. Ma diameter a siteshoni wamba: DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Ma size ena amatha kuyesedwa posintha mapaipi.
B. Zigawo za Mapaipi Olunjika
Zigawo za mapaipi owongoka olinganizidwa bwino zomwe zimapangidwa ngati 20D pamwamba pa mtsinje ndi 5D pansi pa mtsinje wa MUT. Zigawo za pamwamba pa mtsinje/pansi pa mtsinje zili ndi malo olumikizirana ndi kuthamanga/kutentha komwe kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo, zotsekedwa bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kulinganiza MUT.
Zipangizo: Chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304. Kupatuka kwa m'mimba mwake ndi makulidwe a khoma kumagwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko.
C. Ma Spools
Malowa ali ndi ma spool amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za MUT. Miyeso ya spool imapangidwa malinga ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito. Zipangizo: 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
D. Chipangizo Cholumikizira Mita (Cholumikizira Chokulitsa)
Chipangizo cholumikizira ndi chida chofunikira chothandizira. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizira zakunja zoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi silinda ziwiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito yowongolera ndi manja. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa mpweya/madzi mkati mwa matupi a silinda. Kutalika kwa sitiroko kumathandizira zida zosiyanasiyana pamene zikuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito. Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zimapangidwa moyenera pa siteshoni iliyonse kuti zigwire MUT.
Kupanikizika kwapadera: 1.6MPa, kugwedezeka kwachizolowezi ≥200mm, kuthamanga kwa mpweya (0.4~0.6)MPa, zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi sing'anga: 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
E. Zotumiza
a. Chotumizira Mphamvu: Kalasi yolondola 0.075, MPE ±0.075%FS, Range (0~1.0)MPa, Output (4~20)mA, Power DC24V. Kawirikawiri mayunitsi atatu amaikidwa pa manifolds, kapena wogwiritsa ntchito pa payipi iliyonse.
b. Chotumizira Kutentha: Gulu Lolondola 0.2, MPE ±0.2°C, Range (0~50)°C, Output (4~20)mA, Power DC24V. Kawirikawiri mayunitsi atatu amaikidwa pa manifold, kapena wogwiritsa ntchito pa payipi iliyonse.
F. Ma Vavu
a. Ma Vavu Ozimitsa Mpweya
Ma valve otseka mapaipi amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve a mpira wamtundu wa O-bore full-bore ndi ma valve a gulugufe oyenda pansi. Amayendetsedwa ndi mpweya wopanikizika kuti mapaipi atsegulidwe/kutsekedwa mwachangu. Valvu ya mpira ndi 1.6MPa; Valvu ya gulugufe ndi 1.0MPa. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakuwunika, valavu imodzi ya mpira imayikidwa pamwamba pa mita yoyendera, pamwamba pa chosinthira, ndi pamwamba/pansi pa MUT pa siteshoni iliyonse yoyesera. Valvu imodzi ya gulugufe yoyenda pansi imayikidwa pa drain ya chidebe chilichonse cholemera. Zida zapakati pa valavu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chonse.
b. Valavu Yolamulira Mayendedwe Amagetsi
Imayang'anira kuyenda kwa master meter nthawi yomweyo kuti isinthe ma frequency a VFD ndi kutseguka kwa valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kofunikira kwa kuyenda. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma valve amagetsi owongolera ma V-port, kulondola kwa 1%, kuthamanga kwapadera kwa 1.6MPa. Imodzi yoyikidwa pansi pa payipi iliyonse ya master meter. Zipangizo zapakati pa valavu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chonse.
c. Ma Vavu Ogwiritsira Ntchito Pamanja ndi Ma Vavu Oyesera
Ma valve a chipata oyikidwa ndi manja pamwamba pa doko lililonse loyamwa pampu kuti achotsedwe panthawi yokonza. Chongani ma valve oyikidwa pansi pa doko lililonse lotulutsira pampu kuti muteteze mapampu ku nyundo yamadzi nthawi zonse. Zipangizo zapakati pa valavu ya chipata: 304 kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chonse. Chongani zipangizo za valavu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chonse 304.
d. Ma Vavu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Pamanja
Ma valve otulutsa madzi, ma valve otulutsa mpweya, ndi ma valve owongolera makina oyeretsera madzi amayikidwa pa payipi iliyonse ya makina. Kuwongolera ndi manja. Zipangizo: 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
e. Ngolo Yoyesera Kuyesa
Ngolo yonyamulira yonyamulira yonyamulira, yokhazikika, yothandizira, ndi yoyika ma MUT. Mafotokozedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakonzedwa malinga ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito. Choyimiliracho chili ndi njira yolumikizira pakati yomwe imatsimikizira kuti mapaipi ali ozungulira komanso kuti MUT ichotsedwe mosavuta. Malo oyikapo adapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mita zosiyanasiyana za kukula kwake.
f. Zothandizira Paipi
Zothandizira mapaipi ofanana zimaperekedwa pa mapaipi onse oyendetsera ntchito. Zothandizira zapadera zimaperekedwa pa chosinthira chilichonse. Zipangizo: chitsulo chopakidwa utoto cha kaboni.
2.4.4Dongosolo la Mphamvu ya Mpweya
Amapereka mpweya wopanikizika wa zida zopumira mpweya zomwe zili m'chipindamo, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Zida zopumira mpweya zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri kuti zikhale zotetezeka, zodalirika, komanso zogwira ntchito bwino.
A. Chokometsa Mpweya
Chokometsera mpweya cha mtundu wa pistoni chimasankhidwa kutengera zosowa zenizeni. Ubwino: kudalirika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito/kusamalira kosavuta, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.
B. Thanki Yolandirira Mpweya
Kuchuluka koyenera komanso kupanikizika kwakukulu kochokera ku chiwerengero cha zipangizo zopopera mpweya ndi kupanikizika kwawo kogwira ntchito. Zipangizo: chitsulo chopakidwa utoto wa kaboni. Chokhala ndi choyezera kupanikizika, valavu yotetezeka yodzaza ndi masika, valavu yotulutsa mpweya, valavu yotulutsa madzi, mapaipi, ndi zolumikizira.
Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake zikutsatira GB150-2011 "Ziwiya Zopanikizika ndi Chitsulo" ndi "Malamulo Oyang'anira Ukadaulo wa Chitetezo cha Ziwiya Zopanikizika". Zikalata zonse zachitetezo zaperekedwa.
2.4.5Mbali Zokhazikika
Ziwalo zokhazikika (zigongono, zochepetsera, ma flange, zomangira, ma gasket, ndi zina zotero) zili ndi mphamvu yocheperako ≥1.0MPa. Zipangizo: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
2.4.6Magawo a Mapaipi
Zigawo za mapaipi zimagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (304), mphamvu yocheperako ≥1.0MPa. Mapaipi amatsatira miyezo yoyenera ya dziko. Kutalika koyenera, kuchuluka, ndi mawonekedwe okhazikitsa amakonzedwa moyenera kutengera kapangidwe ka malo enieni.
2.5 Njira Yogwirira Ntchito Yowerengera
2.5.1Yatsani kabati yamagetsi, kabati yoyambira ya VFD, kompresa mpweya, kabati yowongolera, kompyuta yamakampani (IPC), ndi zina zotero, motsatizana. Tsimikizirani kuyambika kwa zida ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito nthawi zonse.
2.5.2Choyamba, sankhani m'mimba mwake wa payipi yoyezera kuwerengera yofanana ndi m'mimba mwake wa MUT (sinthani mita zosiyanasiyana za m'mimba mwake posintha mapaipi). Ikani MUT pa thireyi yogwirira ntchito kapena V-stand ya siteshoni yoyesera kuwerengera. Sinthani njira yokwezera ya hydraulic ya benchi yogwirira ntchito kuti igwirizane kutalika kwapakati ndi kukhazikika kwa MUT ndi payipi yokwera ndi chipangizo chowonjezera cha pneumatic (clamping) cha pansi. Kenako tsekani njira yoyezera kuwerengera ...
2.5.3Mukayika MUT, yatsani chipangizo cholumikizira mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito valavu yake yolunjika yamanja kuti mutseke MUT mozungulira. Pomaliza, sungani kulumikizana kwa MUT flange ku flange za mapaipi pogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo ofanana, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zotsekera. Izi zimamaliza kukhazikitsa MUT. Sinthani njira yochotsera (Dziwani: Musanachotse, tsegulani valavu yotulutsira madzi ya paipi kuti muchepetse kupsinjika ndikutulutsa madzi; chotsani MUT yokha pambuyo poti chakumwa chatuluka).
2.5.4Yambitsani pampu yogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda (yolamulidwa ndi VFD; sinthani kuchuluka kwa madzi/liwiro la madzi oyenda pa pampu kuti madzi oyenda pa paipi akhale mkati mwa kuchuluka komwe kungadziwike). Tsegulani pang'onopang'ono ma valve osankhidwa a mapaipi. Yang'anirani kuyenda kudzera mu valavu yowongolera mpaka madzi oyenda bwino pamalo oyesera akwaniritsidwe. Pa siteji iyi, chosinthira madzi, valavu yoyezera chidebe choyezera madzi, ndi ma valve obwerera ali pamalo otayira madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani ngati zipangizo zikuyenda bwino. Ngati sizikuyenda bwino, thetsani mavuto ndikukonza malinga ndi malangizo oyenera a zida.
2.5.5Musanayambe kuwerengera bwino, onaninso ngati zida zonse zotenthetsera/kupanikizika ndi masikelo zikugwira ntchito. Njira: Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito zida, onetsetsani kuti ziwerengero za zida zotenthetsera ziyenera kukhala zofanana kapena zotseka; ziwerengero za zida zotenthetsera ziyenera kukhala zofanana kapena zotseka; masikelo ayenera kukhala odulidwa ndi kudulidwa zero.
2.5.6Ikani magawo owerengera pa mawonekedwe a pulogalamu (onani buku la mapulogalamu a dongosolo). Yambitsani chosinthira kuti chisinthe njira yoyendera kupita pamalo oyesera. Madzi amalowa mu chidebe choyezera. Pambuyo pofika nthawi yowerengera, chosinthira chimasintha chokha. Madzi akakhazikika mu chidebe, sonkhanitsani deta ya sikelo (muyeso wokhazikika). Kompyuta imalemba yokha deta, kenako imatsegula valavu yotulutsira madzi kuti itulutse madzi mu chidebecho.
2.5.7Pambuyo potulutsa madzi ndi kudontha kwa masekondi osachepera 30, valavu yotulutsira madzi imatseka yokha, ndipo chosinthira madzi chimasinthasintha chokha, kuyambitsa kuthamanga kwachiwiri kwa malo oyeserawo. Bwerezani ntchitoyi mpaka kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga komwe kukufunika pa malo amenewo kutatha. Pitirizani pang'onopang'ono kuti mumalize malo onse otulutsira madzi.
2.5.8Mukamaliza kulinganiza, zimitsani mapampu, ma valve oyenera, kabati yoyambira ya VFD, compressor ya mpweya, kabati yamagetsi, kabati yowongolera, ndi IPC motsatizana.
2.5.9Tchati cha Mayendedwe a Ntchito
2.6 Njira Yoyezera ndi Kulamulira Pakompyuta
2.6.1Ntchito za Dongosolo
Dongosolo loyezera ndi kulamulira limagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ngati gawo lolamulira pakati pokonza deta. Kuphatikiza zida ndi mapulogalamu, imatenga ndikugwiritsa ntchito deta yoyezera yokha (kutentha, zotumizira kuthamanga, kuyenda kwa mita yoyendera, kuyenda kwa MUT, masikelo); imayang'anira yokha mapampu, ma valve otseka, ma valve owongolera, ma VFD, ndi zigawo za makina oyezera (diverter, drain valve); imayang'anira kuthamanga, kutentha, ndi kuyenda; imasinthasintha njira; ndipo imawonetsa, kusunga, ndikusindikiza zotsatira za calibration, ndikumaliza njira yotsimikizira metrological.
2.6.2Kapangidwe ka Zida Zamakina
2.6.2.1 Pulogalamu Yowongolera Logic (PLC) ndi Zolumikizira
PLC imagwira ntchito ngati wolamulira wapansi. Ntchito zake ndi monga:
* Kusamalira chizindikiro cha njira, kupeza, kusintha kukhala ma parameter a IPC (<1ms nthawi yosankha zitsanzo).
* Kuwongolera njira zokha, kuwongolera kowongolera zokha.
* Kulankhulana kwa pa intaneti.
Imagwiritsa ntchito ma module a Siemens PLC, ma module a I/O, ndi ma module otsutsana. Yayikidwa mu kabati yoyang'anira yodzipereka mogwirizana ndi IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92. Yokhala ndi ma switch olumikizirana ndi zizindikiro za alamu.
Kabineti ilinso ndi zinthu zolumikizira (maswichi, ma fuse, ma relays, ma contactor) pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapamwamba yakunyumba.
2.6.2.2Nthawi Yowerengera Calibration
Yopangidwa mkati, imawonetsa nthawi/kuwerengera pa mawonekedwe akuluakulu a kompyuta. Kuyeza pafupipafupi kwawonjezeka kusatsimikizika *U*=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2); kusasinthika kochepa ≤0.001s. Mawonekedwe a calibration amasungidwa ndi zotuluka ziwiri kuti azitha kuwerengera nthawi pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito ma frequency wamba.
Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo:
| Ayi. | Chinthu | Chizindikiro | Zindikirani |
| 1 | Kukhazikika kwa Crystal Oscillator 8h | ≤1×10⁻⁶ |
|
| 2 | Kusatsimikizika Kowonjezeka kwa Ma Freq. Meas | U=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2) |
|
| 3 | Chisankho Chocheperako cha Nthawi | 0.001s |
|
2.6.2.3Dongosolo Lowongolera ndi Kusinthasintha kwa Ma Frequency Drive (VFD)
Imagwiritsa ntchito makina a VFD kuwongolera liwiro la pampu kuti iyende bwino. Ma VFD ndi zigawo zazikulu, zomwe zimayikidwa m'makabati oyambira a VFD pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a GGD enclosure, mogwirizana ndi IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92.
Dongosolo la VFD lili ndi ntchito zoyimitsa zadzidzidzi/zoyambira. Kuyimitsa/kuyambitsa kwachizolowezi kumatha kuchitika pamanja (kwapafupi) kapena pakompyuta.
2.6.2.4Chigawo Cholamulira Chapakati
Kampani ya Advantech Industrial PC (IPC). Kapangidwe kake:
| Ayi. | Kukonza Zida | Chizindikiro | Zindikirani |
| 1 | Bolodi ya amayi | Advantech |
|
| 2 | CPU | I5 |
|
| 3 | Kukumbukira | 8G |
|
| 4 | Disiki Yolimba | 1TB + 120G SSD |
|
| 5 | Chowunikira | Mtundu wa LCD wa 24" |
|
IPC ndiye maziko. Pogwiritsa ntchito "Mapulogalamu Oyezera ndi Kulamulira Mayendedwe", imalandira deta ya m'munda kuchokera ku PLC, imawongolera zotuluka mu dongosolo, imatsogolera njira zoyezera, imayang'anira zochitika, imawerengera deta yoyezera, imapereka/kusunga zolemba/malipoti, ndipo imalola kufufuza/kusunga deta yakale.
Chowunikira cha IPC, mbewa, ndi kiyibodi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a munthu ndi makina (HMI).
2.6.2.5Chipangizo Chotulutsa
Chosindikizira chimodzi cha laser cha A4.
2.6.3Dongosolo la Mapulogalamu
Ili ndi "Mapulogalamu Oyezera ndi Kuwongolera Mayendedwe", "Mapulogalamu Oyendetsera Ma Data Oyezera Ma Calibration", "Pulogalamu Yoyendetsera Ma Data Oyezera Ma Communication" yomwe ikuyenda pa IPC; ndi "Pulogalamu Yowongolera Ma PLC" yomwe ikuyenda pa PLC.
2.6.3.1Tchati cha Ntchito ya Mapulogalamu
2.6.3.2Mawonekedwe Akuluakulu Ogwiritsira Ntchito Mapulogalamu
2.6.3.3Ntchito Zoyambira za Mapulogalamu
Kuwonetsa ndi Kugwira Ntchito kwa Njira: Chithunzi cha symmetric process schematic chikuwonetsa momwe mayeso amayendera. Chimasonyeza momwe zinthu zilili mu nthawi yeniyeni. Ntchito zikutsatira miyezo, malamulo, ndi njira za dziko; kuwongolera kolondola komanso kodalirika.
Kuwonetsera kwa Momwe Zinthu Zilili: Imawonetsa magawo a kayendedwe ka payipi (kutentha, kuthamanga, liwiro, kuyenda, ndi zina zotero) ndi momwe zida zilili powonekera pa pulani.
Reporting & Historical Data Management: Amapanga malipoti a shift, tsiku ndi tsiku, mwezi uliwonse, pachaka a magawo ofunikira komanso momwe zida zilili. Malipoti amatha kusindikizidwa okha kapena kusindikizidwa pamanja.
Kuyang'anira Mauthenga: Imawonetsa zambiri za zolakwika kudzera mu kusintha kwa mitundu, ma pop-up, matebulo. Imakhazikitsa ma alarm a malire a magawo ndi ma alarm a zolakwika za zida.
Kasamalidwe ka Ogwiritsa Ntchito/Chitetezo: Imapereka milingo yosiyanasiyana yolowera ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito. Ma milingo achinsinsi amafunika kuti chipangizo chiyambe/chiyimitsidwe komanso chikhazikitsidwe cha ma parameter kuti chisagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika.
Kasamalidwe ka Machitidwe: Amakhazikitsa/kusunga zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito. Amasamalira ogwiritsa ntchito, amalemba mbiri yolowera/yogwira ntchito kuti apeze mafunso ndi chitetezo.
Sungani & Sungani Zosunga Zosunga Zobwezeretsera: Kutha kusunga ndikusunga deta yoyesera ndi mafayilo ogwirizana.
A. Ntchito Zowongolera
* Kuwongolera kokha njira yowerengera.
* Kuyambitsa/kuimitsa pompu ndi kuwongolera ma frequency.
* Kulamulira ma valavu.
* Kuwongolera kusinthana kwa diverter.
* Chitetezo cha malire a chidebe.
* Kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi: kumawongolera yokha kutsegulira kwa valavu kutengera momwe madzi amayendera.
B. Ntchito Zopezera Deta
* Zizindikiro za analog zomwe zimapezeka kudzera mu ma module a 16-bit high-precision.
* Zizindikiro zowongolera zimayendetsedwa ndi ma module a purosesa ya Boolean yothamanga kwambiri (CPU yodziyimira payokha, cycle <1us) kuti deta ipezeke molumikizana.
* Kuyeza kutentha, kuthamanga kwa deta.
* Kuyeza deta ya mayendedwe a mita yoyendera.
* Kuyeza kwa deta ya MUT (4-20mA, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi zina zotero).
* Kuyeza deta ya sikelo.
* Ndemanga ya chizindikiro cha malo a valavu.
C. Ntchito Zokonza Deta
* Amakonza deta yowunikira ndikuwunika zotsatira zake motsatira miyezo ya dziko, malamulo.
* Imalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo a ma coefficients a mita yoyendera nthawi yomweyo.
* Kukhazikitsa kosinthasintha kwa mfundo zoyesera, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, nthawi yothamanga (yokha pa miyezo kapena yofotokozedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito).
* Imasunga zolemba za mayeso mu database kuti zifunsidwe, zisindikizidwe, zisinthidwe, kapena zichotsedwe ngati pakufunika.
* Zimapanga malipoti a data zokha ndikuwongolera deta.
D. Ntchito Zowonetsera
Chiwonetsero cha njira yojambulira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yeniyeni. Chimatsanzira momwe ma valve akumunda amagwirira ntchito, kuwongolera kutseguka kwa ma valve, momwe chizindikiro cha MUT chilili, momwe madzi amayendera, kutentha, komwe kumachokera, momwe ma valve amatulutsidwira, kuchuluka kwa ma VFD, ndi zina zotero.
E. Ntchito Zogwirira Ntchito
Mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito okhala ndi zithunzi. Owongolera ma actuator a m'munda podina mbewa, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
F. Ntchito ya Mfiti
Mawonekedwe a Wizard amatsogolera ogwiritsa ntchito njira yonse yowerengera. Khazikitsani magawo ofunikira/zidziwitso za MUT pazifukwa zilizonse. Ntchito zosavuta zimamaliza kuwerengera pambuyo pokhazikitsa. Kuwongolera kosavuta komanso mwachangu; kosavuta kuphunzira.
2.6.3.4Kukhazikitsa Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri
A. Kusamalira MUT
Dongosolo lingapereke mphamvu ya MUT. Zizindikiro za MUT zimawerengedwa ndi ma module a PLC omwe amawerengera okha kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe asonkhanitsidwa. Kusintha kwa kulemera/voliyumu, kukonza kuyandama kwa madzi, kukonza kutentha/kupanikizika, kukonza deta yofunikira, ndi malipoti zimayendetsedwa zokha ndi pulogalamu ya IPC.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pansipa, mawonekedwe a pulogalamuyo amafunika kulowetsa pamanja magawo a MUT (monga, mtundu wa chizindikiro kudzera pa menyu yotsikira: mphamvu ya analog, pulse, palibe chotuluka). Pambuyo posankha, makinawo amatumiza chizindikirocho ku njira yolondola.
B. Kusamalira Mita Mwaluso
Mphamvu ya mita yayikulu imaperekedwa ndi makina. Deta yomwe imapezedwa kudzera mu kuwerenga kwa pulse. Mapulogalamu amazindikira njira yoyezera kuti asankhe mita yayikulu yoyenera. Pa nthawi yoyezera, PLC imasonkhanitsa yokha ma pulse onse kuti zitsimikizire kuti cholakwika cha kupeza ≤ ±1 pulse. Ma mita akuluakulu amatha kudziyezera okha nthawi ndi nthawi pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo yamagetsi.
C. Kupeza Kutentha ndi Kupanikizika
Ma temp/transmitter onse oyendetsedwa ndi makina. Kulondola kwambiri kosintha kumafunika kuti akonze. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma module a 16-bit A/D olondola kwambiri, liwiro, kusefa kwa digito, komanso kulipira.
D. Kuzimitsa Valavu ndi Kuwongolera Zosinthira
Mphamvu imaperekedwanso ndi makina. Ikhoza kulamulidwa podina zithunzi/mabatani a pazenera kapena yokha pa kayendedwe ka ndondomeko. Chosinthira chimasinthasintha chokha panthawi yowunikira; nthawi yodzipereka imalemba nthawi yosintha ndi nthawi yoyenda.
E. Kulamulira Kulamulira Ma Vavu
Mphamvu yowongolera yoperekedwa ndi D/A module. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polamulira malo oyendera. Ndi kupanikizika kokhazikika kwa m'mwamba, kutsegula kwa valavu kumakhala kolunjika; kuyiwongolera kumakwaniritsa kuyenda kofunikira koyeserera.
F. Kupeza Deta Yochuluka
Mphamvu ya AC220V imaperekedwa ndi makina. Deta yopezedwa kudzera pa kulumikizana kwa RS485. Mapulogalamu amatha kusankha okha mulingo woyenera kutengera nthawi yoyendera/kuwerengera, kapena wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha pamanja kudzera pa mawonekedwe.
Chikhomo cha Mayeso a G. Diverter
Zimathandizira kuwerengera nthawi yosinthira mkati mwa sikirini iyi, ndikupanga zokha deta yogwirizana ndi malamulo. Deta ikhoza kutumizidwa kunja ndikusungidwa mu database.
H. Chikhomo Choyesera Kukhazikika
Zimathandizira kulinganiza kukhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka madzi mkati mwa sikirini iyi, ndikupanga zokha deta yogwirizana. Deta ikhoza kutumizidwa ndikusungidwa.
2.6.3.5Mapulogalamu Opanga Mapulogalamu Olamulira
Pulogalamu yowongolera yapamwamba (IPC) yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osinthira. Pulogalamu yowongolera yapansi (PLC) yophatikizidwa mkati mwa pulogalamu yosinthira. Imapereka HMI, makanema ojambula a momwe dongosolo lilili, kuwongolera mwachilengedwe. Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino a hardware komanso ntchito zamphamvu. Yopangidwa mwachangu, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso yochezeka.
Pulogalamu yokonza deta yokonza deta yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Microsoft Office Excel VBA control code. Microsoft SQL Server database imasunga deta yokonza deta. Dongosolo la malipoti lochokera ku Excel limapanga malipoti okha ndikuwongolera deta.
Kuwonetsa deta nthawi yeniyeni, kukonza yokha, kusunga zotsatira ndi deta yosaphika kuti zitsimikizidwe ndi manja kuonetsetsa kuti ndi zolondola. Kusunga zolemba mu database kuti zifunsidwe, kusindikizidwa, kusintha, kufufuta.
Pulogalamu yolumikizirana ndi deta idapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito VB 6.0 SP6 yolumikizirana ndi mamba ndi zida zina.
Kukweza ndi Kusamalira Mapulogalamu: Ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yosamalidwa bwino. Imapereka zosintha za moyo wonse kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa miyezo/malamulo kapena zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.
2.7 Njira Zokonzera
2.7.1Kukonza Pampu Yofunika
2.7.1.1Tsatirani mosamala njira zoyendetsera ntchito ya pampu poyambitsa, kuyendetsa, kuyimitsa. Sungani zolemba za ntchito.
2.7.1.2Yang'anani mafuta odzola pamalo aliwonse osinthira malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala.
2.7.1.3Chongani kutentha kwa bearing: ≤ kutentha kwa malo ozungulira + 35°C; kutentha kwakukulu kwa bearing ya roller ≤75°C; kutentha kwakukulu kwa bearing ya sleeve ≤70°C. Chongani kukwera kwa kutentha kwa injini pakusintha kulikonse.
2.7.1.4Yang'anani nthawi zonse kutuluka kwa chisindikizo cha shaft: Chisindikizo cholongedza ~ madontho 10/mphindi; Chisindikizo cha makina: palibe kutuluka.
2.7.1.5Yang'anirani kuthamanga kwa pampu, mphamvu ya injini (yabwinobwino/yokhazikika) mukamagwira ntchito. Mvetserani phokoso/zolakwika. Thandizani mavuto mwachangu.
2.7.2Kukonza Makina Owongolera
2.7.2.1Tsukani fumbi kuchokera ku kabati yowongolera nthawi zonse pokhapokha magetsi atazimitsidwa.
2.7.2.2MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO kompyuta yanu pa intaneti kapena mapulogalamu ena osagwirizana. Nthawi zonse muziyang'ana ma virus ndikusintha mapulogalamu a antivirus.
2.7.2.3Ngati mukuyikanso OS, BACK UP imayang'anira deta kaye kuti isatayike.
2.7.2.4Onetsetsani kuti magetsi ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika komanso mawaya omveka bwino a makina owongolera.
2.7.3Kukonza Chipangizo Cholumikizira Mapaipi
2.7.3.1Mukagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, thirani mafuta a injini pa chubu chowonjezera.
2.7.3.2Mukagwira ntchito pa payipi imodzi, tsekani ma valve operekera mpweya ku mapaipi ena kuti ma clamp ena asakule, zomwe zingakhudze nthawi ya moyo.
2.7.3.3Musanayambe ntchito, yang'anani mizere ya mpweya ngati yatsekeka kapena yatuluka madzi. Nthawi zonse tulutsani madzi omwe asonkhana m'mizere.
2.7.4Kukonza Tanki ya Madzi
Yeretsani thanki nthawi zonse, sinthani madzi kuti mapampu asawononge zinyalala. Chitani chithandizo chamkati choletsa dzimbiri/kutupa chaka chilichonse kapena kutengera ubwino wa madzi.
2.7.5Kukonza Zochotsa Mpweya/Zosefera
Chofunika kwambiri pochotsa mpweya ndi kusefa. Yeretsani fyuluta yamkati nthawi zonse: Chotsani mabotolo olumikizira pamwamba, tsegulani flange ya pamwamba, chotsani fyuluta, yeretsani zinyalala pazenera, sinthani, phatikizaninso flange.
2.7.6Kukonza Chipinda Chowongolera & Chipinda Chopopera
2.7.6.1Onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa chipinda/chinyezi zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira. Sungani chouma komanso choyera.
2.7.6.2Pewani kusonkhanitsa madzi m'chipinda chopopera madzi. Tsukani nthawi zonse.
2.7.6.3ZIMAYITSA magetsi akuluakulu nthawi zonse musanayeretse, kukonza, kapena kuyang'ana kuti mupewe kugwedezeka ndi kuvulala ndi magetsi.
Zindikirani: Sungani zida zothandizira paokha malinga ndi malangizo awo.
2.8 Njira Zogwirira Ntchito Zachitetezo
2.8.1Kulimbikitsa chidziwitso cha chitetezo. Kudziwa zambiri kumachepetsa ngozi. Kulimbikitsa chidziwitso, kuzindikira zoopsa, kudziwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera ndi njira zokhazo zothetsera ngozi.
2.8.2MUSATSUTSE malamulo. Kuphwanya malamulo kumabweretsa ngozi; ngozi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo. Kudula njira kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, mwachangu, kapena khama kungayambitse ngozi. Kuphwanya malamulo kuyenera kuchotsedwa.
2.8.3Pezanidi "Zitatu Zopanda Kupweteka": Musadzivulaze nokha; Musavulaze ena; Musavulaze ena. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kasamalidwe ka chitetezo.
2.8.4Tsatirani malamulo onse a malo ogwirira ntchito. Onetsetsani kuti zoopsa zonse zachitetezo zili ndi anthu odalirika.
2.8.5Ogwira ntchito AYENERA kuphunzitsidwa asanagwire ntchito. Ayenera kuwerenga bwino ndikumvetsetsa malamulo otsimikizira dziko, zofunikira pakuwunika, ndi mabuku ofotokozera ntchito ASANAPATSIDWE KUTI AGWIRITSE NTCHITO.
2.8.6Choyezera madzi ndi madzi oyera. Sinthani madzi kutengera kutayikira kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa pampu ndi mita yoyezera zomwe zingachititse ngozi.
2.8.7Chotengera chokhazikika ndi chotengera chopanikizika. MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO kapena kusintha. Sungani antchito KUTALI panthawi yogwira ntchito.
2.8.8Mukayika/kuchotsa MUT, ikani bwino. MUSALOWETSE zala zanu m'zolumikizira kapena kukhudza mabowo a screw. Gwirani zopachika m'mbali mukayika/kuchotsa.
2.8.9Mukamaliza kukhazikitsa/kuyambitsa, MUSASUTSE padera kuti mupewe kuwononga zigawo.
2.8.10MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO CHOMWE CHIMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO PA KHOMPYUTA MWACHILENGEDWE. MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO PA INTANETI kapena mapulogalamu ena osagwirizana. Skani ma virus nthawi zonse ndikusintha ma virus.
2.8.11MUSATSEKE/KULETSA terminal kapena pulagi yolumikizira.
2.8.12MUSAFUTE mafayilo osungira zinthu zakale a operating system.
2.8.13Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika, yang'anani nthawi zonse makina otulutsira mpweya ndi ma valve otetezera kuti mupewe kutsekeka kwa mpweya komwe kungayambitse kupanikizika kwambiri m'matanki/mizere.
2.8.14Lozani mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumadera opanda anthu, pansi, kapena kumwamba. MUSALOZE pa zipangizo, antchito, njira, kapena malo olowera.
2.8.15ZIMANI magetsi akuluakulu nthawi zonse musanayeretse, kukonza, kapena kuyang'ana. Zimaletsa kumasuka kwa zigawo, kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, ndi kuvulala.
2.8.16Asananyamuke tsiku lililonse, ogwira ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zitseko/mawindo ndi magetsi zazima, kuonetsetsa kuti malowo ndi otetezeka.
2.9 Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kusamalira Kabati ya Frequency Converter
2.9.1Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito: Choyamba yang'anani kabati kuti muwone ngati pali phokoso/fungo losazolowereka. Ngati zili bwino, yatsani switch yayikulu yolamulira (Yatsani). Kuwala kwa batani lobiriwira (Yatsani) pa kabati kumaunikira, fani imayamba, kuwala kwa batani lofiira kumayatsidwanso. Tsopano pompa imayamba/imayima ikhoza kulamulidwa kudzera pa kompyuta. Voltmeter ikuwonetsa ~380V, ammeter ikuwonetsa mphamvu yogwirira ntchito.
2.9.2Kuyambitsa Pampu: Iyenera kuyambika mu VFD mode. Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a kompyuta kuti musinthe mphamvu ya VFD kuti musinthe liwiro la injini.
2.9.3MUSAKHALE mwachindunji ma frequency a VFD pa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Mphamvu yolowera ndi yokwera kwambiri, zomwe zingawononge zida.
2.9.4Kuzimitsa: Choyamba, yimitsani ma mota onse kudzera pa kompyuta. Kenako dinani batani lofiira (KUZIMISA) pa kabati mpaka onse ofiira atayatsa. Pomaliza, zimitsani chosinthira cha mpeni waukulu.
2.9.5Chogwirizira chosankha chogwiritsa ntchito manja/chodzipangira chokha ndi magulu a batani loyambira/loyimitsa la VFD/line frequency pa kabati SICHOFUNIKA pakuwongolera bwino. Ndi chokonzera zida ndi kukonza pampu YOKHA.
Ngati kukonza zolakwika kumafuna kusintha makonda a VFD (kuyikidwa mu panel control mode), onani buku la malangizo a VFD.
2.9.6Makabati amagetsi ndi ma mota a pampu AYENERA kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse ndi akatswiri. Tsatirani njira zowunikira zida zamagetsi nthawi ndi nthawi. Sinthani ziwalo zowonongeka mwachangu. Onetsetsani kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino. Ogwiritsa ntchito AYENERA kutsatira njira zoyendetsera. Onetsetsani kuti munthu ali ndi chitetezo!
2Buku Lothandizira Kukonza Zipangizo .10
Bukuli limafotokoza za nthawi yokonza malo, zomwe zili mkati mwake, kukonza, ndi kuthetsa mavuto. Limagwira ntchito ngati chitsogozo cha ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza. Magwero akuphatikizapo:
(1) Zipangizo zoyendetsera ntchito;
(2) Malamulo ndi zofunikira zoyezera kayendedwe ka madzi;
(3) Mabuku ofotokozera za kukonza makina ndi ukadaulo wa njira.
2.10.1Ndondomeko Yokonza
Zingasinthidwe kutengera momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zida zilili.
Tebulo la Nthawi Yokonza:
| Chinthu Chokonza | Mtundu Wokonza | Kukonza Kochepa | Kukonza Kwambiri |
| Pampu ya Centrifugal | Njinga | Miyezi 8 mpaka 12 | Miyezi 12 mpaka 24 |
| Chokometsa Mpweya | Njinga | ||
| Zipangizo Zogwirira Ntchito | Njinga | ||
| Dongosolo Lowongolera | Njinga |
2.10.2Zokhudza Kukonza ndi Kukonza
2.10.2.1Pampu ya Centrifugal
A. Kuthetsa Mavuto ndi Kukonza
| Vuto | Chifukwa Chotheka | Mankhwala |
| Pampu siiyamba | Kulumikizana kwasokonekera | Yang'anani mawaya, konzani ngati pakufunika kutero |
| Fuse yophulika | Sinthani fuse | |
| Chitetezo cha injini chagwa | Yang'anani makonda a chitetezo, konzani ngati cholakwika | |
| Chitetezo cha injini sichisintha, chowongolera cholakwika | Yang'anani chitetezo cha injini, konzani ngati cholakwika | |
| Injini siyamba/iyamba mwamphamvu | Voltage/frequency yatsika kwambiri | Sinthani magetsi, onani gawo la chingwe |
| Kuzungulira kolakwika | Cholakwika cholumikizira injini | Sinthani magawo awiri |
| Kutaya liwiro kwambiri mukanyamula katundu | Kudzaza zinthu mopitirira muyeso | Yesani mphamvu, gwiritsani ntchito mota yayikulu kapena chepetsani katundu ngati pakufunika kutero |
| Kutsika kwa voteji | Wonjezerani gawo la chingwe | |
| Kulira kwa injini, mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba | Chilema chozungulira | Tumizani injini kuti ikakonzedwe ndi akatswiri |
| Kupukuta kwa rotor | ||
| Fuse imaphulika nthawi yomweyo / Prot imapita | Dera lalifupi | Kuthamanga kwafupikitsa kolondola |
| Magalimoto afupikitsa | Tumizani injini kuti ikakonzedwe ndi akatswiri | |
| Cholakwika cha waya | Dera lolondola | |
| Cholakwika cha nthaka ya injini | Tumizani injini kuti ikakonzedwe ndi akatswiri | |
| Motoka wotentha kwambiri (woyezedwa) | Kudzaza zinthu mopitirira muyeso | Yesani mphamvu, gwiritsani ntchito mota yayikulu kapena chepetsani katundu ngati pakufunika kutero |
| Kuzizira koyipa | Konzani mpweya wozizira, yeretsani ma ventilation, onjezerani fan yokakamiza ngati pakufunika kutero | |
| Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mlengalenga | Khalani mkati mwa malire ololedwa | |
| Kulumikizana kotayirira (kutayika kwa gawo) | Kulumikizana kolakwika kolondola | |
| Fuse yophulika | Pezani/konzani chifukwa (onani pamwambapa), sinthani fuse |
B. Kukonza Zipangizo: Chimodzimodzi ndi Gawo2.7.1
2.10.2.3Zipangizo Zogwirira Ntchito (Ma Clamp, Diverter, Ma Valves)
A. Kuthetsa Mavuto ndi Kukonza
| Vuto | Chifukwa Chotheka | Mankhwala | |
| Kokani mwamphamvu kuti muyambe | Mpweya wochepa | Yang'anani ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi, sinthani chowongolera/chopaka mafuta | |
| Mphamvu yosakwanira yolumikizira | |||
| Malo okwerera osakhazikika | Valavu yamanja siigwira ntchito mokwanira | ||
| Mafuta oipa a chubu | Onjezani mafuta kudzera mu cholowera cha mpweya cha silinda | ||
| Silinda yawonongeka | Chongani & sinthani | ||
| Liwiro la clamp limathamanga kwambiri/likuchepa | Mpweya wochepa | Sinthani valavu yolowera | |
| Kuthamanga kwa mpweya | Sinthani valavu yolowera | ||
| Silinda yawonongeka | Chongani & sinthani | ||
| Kusinthasintha kovuta kuyamba | Mpweya wochepa | Yang'anani ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi, sinthani chowongolera/chopaka mafuta | |
| Liwiro losinthira pang'onopang'ono | |||
| Malo osinthira sanafikidwe | Chongani valavu ya solenoid, kukonza | ||
| Mafuta osayenera a poyipi yolowera | Onjezani mafuta kudzera mu cholowera cha mpweya cha silinda | ||
| Silinda yawonongeka | Chongani & sinthani | ||
| Nthawi yosinthira imasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa | Kusinthana kumanzere/kumanja sikuli kogwirizana | Sinthani madoko otulutsira ma valve a solenoid | |
| Chishango cha photoelectric sichinayikidwe bwino | Yang'anani & sinthani malo a chishango | ||
| Valavu yovuta kuyamba | Mpweya wochepa | Yang'anani ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi, sinthani chowongolera/chopaka mafuta | |
| Liwiro losinthira pang'onopang'ono | |||
| Mpweya wotuluka mu silinda ya actuator | Sinthani zisindikizo | |
| Valavu ya Solenoid sikugwira ntchito | Kukonza ndi Kufufuza |
B. Kukonza Zipangizo: Pa Gawo Lililonse2.7.3 ndi2.8.13.
2.10.2.4Dongosolo Lowongolera
A. Kuthetsa Mavuto ndi Kukonza
| Vuto | Chifukwa Chotheka | Mankhwala |
| Cholakwika cha Pakompyuta | Kompyuta sikugwira ntchito | Kukonza ndi Kufufuza |
| Chingwe chatsegulidwa kapena kukhudzana kolakwika | Chongani ndikusintha chingwe | |
| Kutsegula kwa malo olumikizirana kapena kukhudzana kolakwika | Sinthani terminal | |
| Mapulogalamu a dongosolo awonongeka | Kukhazikitsanso dongosolo titatidziwitsa | |
| Palibe Deta ya Zida | Kulumikiza kabati yowongolera zida ndi zida kwatsegulidwa/kosagwira ntchito | Chongani mawaya ndi ma fuse Sinthani terminal kapena fuse Sinthani chotumizira |
| Palibe Kuwonetsera kwa Kutentha/Kupanikizika | Kabati ya Temperature/Pressure Tx-Control yatsegulidwa/yosagwira ntchito | |
| Cholakwika cha Mphamvu ya Chizindikiro | Gawo lamagetsi kapena chingwe cholakwika | Sinthani gawo kapena chingwe |
| Takisi Yoyang'anira Palibe Yankho | Chitseko cha kabati yowongolera kapena chingwe chawonongeka | Sinthani terminal ya cab kapena chingwe |
- Kukonza Dongosolo Lowongolera:
- Nthawi zonse chotsani fumbi pa kabati yowongolera nthawi zonse pamene magetsi atsekedwa.
- Musagwiritse ntchito kompyuta ya chipangizochi kuti mupeze intaneti kapena kuyika mapulogalamu aliwonse osagwirizana ndi ntchito; fufuzani ma virus nthawi yake ndikusintha mapulogalamu a antivirus.
- Ngati mukuyikanso dongosolo, onetsetsani kuti mwasunga deta yokonzedwa bwino kuti deta yotsimikizira isatayike.
- Onetsetsani kuti magetsi ali okhazikika komanso ma circuits osatsekedwa a makina owongolera.
- Yang'anani mawaya a chizindikiro nthawi zonse pa bolodi la I/O la kabati yowongolera. Mangani zolumikizira zilizonse zotayirira ndi screwdriver ya flat-head.
- Onetsetsani nthawi ndi nthawi ngati ma switch/ma knobs pa control panel akuyenda bwino. Ngati pakhala kutsetsereka, yang'anani ngati pali zomangira zomasuka ndipo zikhazikitseni; zisintheni ngati zawonongeka.
- Chotsani magetsi osasinthasintha kuchokera ku chotsukira mafunde cha earth leakage circuit (ELCB) pamwezi.
2.10.2.5Kuyesa ndi Kuvomereza
A. Kukonzekera Kuyesa Kusanachitike: Tsimikizani kuti kukonza kwatha, ubwino wake, zolemba zake; kuyeretsa malo; zida/zowongolera/zolumikizira zakonzedwa; makina odzaza mafuta; makina opumira mpweya/otulutsa madzi; makina amagetsi akonzedwa/oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi; zida zakonzeka.
B. Kuyesa: Kuyesa kosanyamula katundu; kutsimikizira kuti makina amafuta/madzi/mpweya/magetsi/zida ndi abwinobwino; kugwira ntchito maola 72 popanda mavuto musanavomereze; kuvomereza kosainidwa ndi ogwira ntchito oyenerera.