Masikelo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothetsa malonda amagawidwa ngati zida zoyezera zomwe boma lizitsimikizira mokakamiza motsatira malamulo. Izi zikuphatikiza masikelo a crane, masikelo ang'onoang'ono a benchi, masikelo a nsanja, ndi zinthu zamagalimoto. Sikelo iliyonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogulitsa malonda iyenera kutsimikiziridwa mokakamiza; apo ayi, zilango zikhoza kuperekedwa. Kutsimikizira kukuchitika molingana ndiJJG 539-2016Kutsimikizira RegulationzaDigital Kuwonetsa Mamba, yomwe ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito potsimikizira masikelo agalimoto. Komabe, pali malamulo ena otsimikizira makamaka masikelo agalimoto omwe angatchulidwe:JJG 1118-2015Kutsimikizira RegulationzaZamagetsiMa Sikelo a Magalimoto(Njira Yokweza Maselo). Kusankha pakati pa ziwirizi kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri kutsimikiziridwa kumachitidwa molingana ndi JJG 539-2016.
Mu JJG 539-2016, kufotokozera masikelo ndi motere:
M'malamulo awa, mawu oti "sikelo" amatanthauza mtundu wa zida zoyezera zomwe sizili zokha zokha (NAWI).
Mfundo: Katundu akayikidwa pa cholandirira katundu, sensa yoyezera (cell cell) imapanga chizindikiro chamagetsi. Chizindikirochi chimasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi chipangizo chopangira deta, ndipo zotsatira zoyezera zimawonetsedwa ndi chipangizo chowonetsera.
Kapangidwe: Sikelo imakhala ndi cholandilira katundu, selo yonyamula katundu, ndi chizindikiro choyezera. Itha kukhala yomangidwa mophatikizana kapena yomanga modular.
Ntchito: Miyezo iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza ndi kuyeza kwa katundu, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamalonda, madoko, ma eyapoti, malo osungiramo zinthu ndi mayendedwe, zitsulo, komanso m'mabizinesi amakampani.
Mitundu ya masikelo owonetsa digito: Benchi yamagetsi ndi masikelo a nsanja (yomwe imatchedwa kuti benchi yamagetsi / nsanja), zomwe zimaphatikizapo: Mitengo yowerengera mtengo, Sikelo zoyezera zokha, Miyezo ya barcode, Kuwerengera masikelo, Mipikisano yogawanitsa masikelo, Mipikisano interval masikelo ndi etc.;Masikelo a Electronic crane, omwe akuphatikizapo: Mamba a mbedza, Mamba olendewera mbedza, Mamba a crane oyenda pamwamba, Mamba a Monorail ndi etc.;Masikelo amagetsi okhazikika, omwe akuphatikiza: Electronic dzenje masikelo, Electronic pamwamba-wokwera masikelo, Electronic hopper masikelo ndi etc.
Palibe kukayika kuti zida zazikulu zoyezera zoyezera monga masikelo a dzenje kapena masikelo agalimoto zili m'gulu la masikelo amagetsi okhazikika, chifukwa chake zitha kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndiKutsimikizira RegulationzaDigital Kuwonetsa Mamba(JJG 539-2016). Kwa masikelo ang'onoang'ono, kukweza ndi kutsitsa masikelo okhazikika ndikosavuta. Komabe, pamiyeso yayikulu yoyezera 3 × 18 metres kapena mphamvu yopitilira matani 100, kugwira ntchito kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kutsatira mosamalitsa njira zotsimikizira za JJG 539 kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu, ndipo zofunika zina zitha kukhala zosatheka kuzikwaniritsa. Pa masikelo agalimoto, kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a metrological kumaphatikizapo zinthu zisanu: kulondola kwa zero ndi kulondola kwa tare., Eccentric load (yochokera pakati), Kuyeza, Kulemera pambuyo pa namsongole, Kubwerezabwereza ndi kusankhana. Zina mwa izi, eccentric katundu, kulemera, kulemera pambuyo pa tare, ndi kubwerezabwereza ndizowononga nthawi.Ngati ndondomekozo zitsatiridwa mosamalitsa, zingakhale zosatheka kumaliza kutsimikizira ngakhale sikelo yagalimoto imodzi mkati mwa tsiku limodzi. Ngakhale kubwereza kuli bwino, kulola kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa miyeso yoyesera ndikulowetsa pang'ono, njirayi imakhala yovuta.
7.1 Zida Zokhazikika Zotsimikizira
7.1.1 Kulemera Kwambiri
7.1.1.1 Miyezo yoyezera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsimikizira ikuyenera kutsatira zofunikira za metrological zomwe zafotokozedwa mu JG99, ndipo zolakwika zawo siziyenera kupitilira 1/3 ya cholakwika chachikulu chovomerezeka pa katundu wofananayo monga momwe tafotokozera mu Gulu 3.
7.1.1.2 Chiwerengero cha miyeso yoyezera chizikhala chokwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira za sikelo.
7.1.1.3 Miyezo yowonjezera yowonjezera idzaperekedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi njira yolemetsa yapakatikati kuti athetse zolakwika zozungulira.
7.1.2 Kusintha kwa Ma Weights Standard
Sikelo ikatsimikiziridwa pamalo ake ogwiritsira ntchito, lowetsani katundu (misala ina
zolemera zokhazikika komanso zodziwika) zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha gawo la muyezo
zolemera:
Ngati kubwereza kwa sikelo kupitilira 0.3e, kulemera kwa miyeso yoyezera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1/2 ya kuchuluka kwa sikelo;
Ngati kubwereza kwa sikeloyo kuli kokulirapo kuposa 0.2e koma osapitilira 0.3e, kuchuluka kwa zolemera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1/3 pamlingo waukulu kwambiri;
Ngati kubwereza kwa sikelo sikudutsa 0.2e, kuchuluka kwa zolemetsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1/5 pamlingo waukulu kwambiri.
Kubwereza kotchulidwa pamwambapa kumatsimikiziridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito katundu pafupifupi 1/2 wa kuchuluka kwa sikelo (mwina zolemera zokhazikika kapena kulemera kwina kulikonse kokhazikika) ku cholandirira katundu katatu.
Ngati kubwereza kugwera mkati mwa 0.2e-0.3e / 10-15 kg, chiwerengero cha matani 33 olemera olemera amafunikira. Ngati kubwereza kupitirira 15 kg, ndiye kuti matani 50 a zolemera amafunikira. Zingakhale zovuta kuti bungwe lotsimikizira libweretse zolemera matani 50 pamalowo kuti zitsimikizidwe. Ngati matani 20 okha olemera abweretsedwa, tingaganize kuti kubwereza kwa sikelo ya tani 100 kumasinthidwa kukhala osapitirira 0.2e / 10 kg. Kaya kubwereza kwa 10 kg kumatha kukwaniritsidwa ndikokayikitsa, ndipo aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi lingaliro la zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Komanso, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zolemera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimachepetsedwa, katundu wolowa m'malo amayenera kuonjezedwabe, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa mayeso kumakhalabe kosasintha.
1. Kuyesa Mayeso
Kuti mutsimikizire kulemera kwake, payenera kusankhidwa zosachepera zisanu. Izi ziphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa sikelo yocheperako, kuchuluka kwa sikelo, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu komwe kumayenderana ndi kusintha kwa cholakwika chovomerezeka, mwachitsanzo, mfundo zolondola zapakatikati: 500e ndi 2000e. Pa sikelo yamatani 100, pomwe e = 50 kg, izi zikufanana ndi: 500e = 25 t., 2000e = 100t. Mfundo ya 2000e ikuyimira kuchuluka kwakukulu, ndipo kuyesa kungakhale kovuta pochita. Komanso,kulemera pambuyo pa namsongolezimafunika kubwereza kutsimikizira pa malo onse asanu katundu. Musadere nkhawa za kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zikukhudzidwa pazigawo zisanu zowunikira - ntchito yeniyeni yotsitsa ndikutsitsa ndi yayikulu.
2. Eccentric Katundu Mayeso
7.5.11.2 Eccentric Katundu ndi Malo
a) Kwa masikelo okhala ndi mfundo zopitilira 4 (N > 4): Katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lililonse lothandizira ayenera kukhala wofanana ndi 1/(N–1) wa kuchuluka kwa sikelo. Miyeso iyenera kuyikidwa motsatizana pamwamba pa nsonga iliyonse yothandizira, mkati mwa dera lofanana ndi 1/N ya cholandirira katundu. Ngati mfundo ziwiri zothandizira zili pafupi kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mayesero monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa kungakhale kovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, katundu wowirikiza angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamtunda wowirikiza kawiri pamtunda womwe umagwirizanitsa mfundo ziwiri zothandizira.
b) Kwa masikelo okhala ndi mfundo 4 kapena zocheperapo (N ≤ 4): Katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kukhala wofanana ndi 1/3 ya kuchuluka kwake.
Zolemerazo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana m'dera lofanana ndi 1/4 la cholandirira katundu, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1 kapena masinthidwe pafupifupi ofanana ndi Chithunzi 1.
Pa sikelo ya matani 100 ya 3 × 18 metres, pamakhala ma cell osachepera asanu ndi atatu. Kugawaniza katunduyo mofanana, 100 ÷ 7 ≈ tani 14.28 (pafupifupi matani 14) iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mfundo iliyonse yothandizira. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuyika zolemera matani 14 pamalo aliwonse othandizira. Ngakhale zolemerazo zitha kupakidwa mwakuthupi, kukweza ndi kutsitsa mobwerezabwereza zolemetsa zotere kumakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu.
3. Njira Yotsitsira Yotsimikizirika motsutsana ndi Kuyika Kwantchito Yeniyeni
Potengera njira zonyamulira, kutsimikizira masikelo agalimoto kumafanana ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, potsimikizira masikelo agalimoto pamalopo, zolemera zimakwezedwa ndikuyikidwa mwachindunji papulatifomu, monga momwe amachitira poyesa mafakitale. Njira yophatikizira katunduyo imasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe amatengera sikelo yagalimoto. Kuyika kwachindunji zolemetsa zokwezeka pa sikelo sikutulutsa mphamvu zopingasa, sikumagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyimitsira zam'mbali kapena zazitali za sikelo, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira zotsatira zanjira zolowera molunjika / zotuluka ndi zida zoyimitsa zotalikira mbali zonse za sikelo pakuyeza magwiridwe antchito.
M'zochita zake, kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a metrological pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi sikuwonetsa bwino momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito. Kutsimikizira motengera njira yotsegulira yomwe siiyimilirayi sikutheka kuzindikiritsa momwe mayendedwe a metrological akuyendera pansi pamikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito.
Malinga ndi JJG 539-2016Kutsimikizira RegulationzaDigital Kuwonetsa Mamba, kugwiritsa ntchito masikelo oyezera kapena masikelo okhazikika kuphatikiza zoloweza m'malo kuti atsimikizire masikelo akuluakulu kumaphatikizapo zovuta zazikulu, kuphatikiza: Ntchito yayikulu, Kuchuluka kwa ntchito, Mtengo wokwera pamasinthidwe, Nthawi yayitali yotsimikizira, Zowopsa zachitetezondi etc.Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta pakutsimikizira patsamba. Mu 2011, bungwe la Fujian Institute of Metrology lidayamba ntchito yopititsa patsogolo zida zasayansi mdziko munoKupanga ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zoyezera Katundu Wolondola Kwambiri Poyezera Sikelo. Chida Choyezera Cholemetsa Chopangidwa ndi Weighing Scale Load Measuring Instrument ndi chida chodziyimira chodziyimira pawokha chomwe chimagwirizana ndi OIML R76, chomwe chimathandizira kutsimikizira kolondola, mwachangu, komanso kosavuta kwa malo aliwonse onyamula, kuphatikiza zonse, ndi zinthu zina zotsimikizira zamasikelo agalimoto zamagetsi. Kutengera chida ichi, JJG 1118-2015Kutsimikizira RegulationzaMasikelo a Galimoto Yamagetsi (Njira Yoyezera Katundu)idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pa Novembara 24, 2015.
Njira zonse zotsimikizira zili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake, ndipo kusankha pazochita kuyenera kupangidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa malamulo awiri otsimikizira:
JJG 539-2016 Ubwino: 1. Amagwiritsa ntchito katundu wokhazikika kapena zoloweza m'malo bwino kuposa kalasi ya M2,kulola kugawanika kwa chitsimikiziro cha mamba amagalimoto amagetsi kuti afike 500-10,000.2. Zida zokhazikika zimakhala ndi nthawi yotsimikizira kwa chaka chimodzi, ndipo kalondolondo wa zida zokhazikika zitha kumalizidwa kwanuko kumatauni kapena masukulu a metrology achigawo.
Zoyipa: Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ntchito komanso kulimbikira kwambiri kwa ntchito; Mtengo wokwera wokweza, kutsitsa, ndi kunyamula zolemera; Kuchita bwino kochepa komanso kusachita bwino kwachitetezo; Nthawi yayitali yotsimikizira; kutsatira mosamalitsa kungakhale kovuta pochita.
Mtengo wa JJG 1118 Ubwino: 1. Chida Choyezera Katundu wa Weighing Scale ndi zowonjezera zake zitha kutumizidwa pamalowo pagalimoto imodzi ya ma axle awiri.2. Kutsika kwantchito, kutsika mtengo kwa mayendedwe, kutsimikizira kwakukulu, chitetezo chabwino, komanso nthawi yayifupi yotsimikizira.3. Palibe chifukwa chotsitsa / kutsitsanso kuti mutsimikizire.
Zoyipa: 1. Pogwiritsa ntchito Electronic Truck Scale (Njira Yoyezera Katundu)gawo lotsimikizira limatha kufikira 500-3,000.2. Magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi amayenera kukhazikitsa reaction force device (mtengo wa cantilever) wolumikizidwa ndi zibowo (mwina zibowo za konkriti zokhazikika kapena zitsulo zosunthika).3. Pakuwongolera kapena kuwunika kovomerezeka, kutsimikizira kuyenera kutsatira JJG 539 pogwiritsa ntchito masikelo okhazikika ngati chida cholozera. 4. Zida zokhazikika zimakhala ndi nthawi yotsimikizira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo mabungwe ambiri akuzigawo kapena zamatauni sanakhazikitse kutsata kwa zida izi; kufufuza kuyenera kupezedwa kuchokera ku mabungwe oyenerera.
JJG 1118-2015 imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chodziyimira chodziyimira payokha chotsimikizira ndi OIML R76, ndipo imakhala ngati chowonjezera pa njira yotsimikizira masikelo agalimoto yamagetsi mu JJG 539-1997.Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso yamagalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ≥ 30 t, magawo otsimikizira ≤ 3,000, pamlingo wolondola wapakatikati kapena milingo yolondola wamba. Sizogwira ntchito pamasikelo amtundu wamitundu yambiri, osiyanasiyana, kapena masikelo agalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi zida zolozera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-26-2025